Ratios of dry to wet deposition of sulfur as derived from preliminary field data

Preliminary data obtained in the operation of a nested-network dry deposition measurement program in the eastern United States are used in conjunction with wet deposition data obtained at (or near) the same sites to investigate the variability of ratios of dry to wet deposition of sulfur (as sulfur dioxide and submicron sulfate for dry deposition, and as sulfate for wet deposition). On a monthly basis, the ratio is extremely variable at every location; however, a more coherent picture arises when the average annual cycle is considered. The sites studied here (Oak Ridge, Tennessee; State College, Pennsylvania; Whiteface Mountain, New York; and Bondville, Illinois) yield dry/wet ratios for sulfur deposition that minimize in the summer, with values of about 0.3. At other times of the year, values sometimes exceeding 2.0 are obtained. A summer peak at Oak Ridge is tentatively attributed to the effects of a local drought. The variability is such that use of dry/wet ratios to estimate dry deposition rates when only wet deposition data are available cannot be recommended. (C) 1989 by the American Geophysica Union.