The effect of gougerotin was examined on the essential components necessary for the poly U directed polyphenylalanine synthesis in the E. coli cell free system. The reaction was carried out under a condition where one of the components is a rate-limiting step of the overall polyphenylalanine formation. Of the essential components, T factor and poly U affected the gougerotin action. The increment of their amounts did decrease the inhibition of polyphenylalanine synthesis by gougerotin at low salt concentrations, and enhanced the gougerotin-dependent-stimulation of polyphenylalanine formation at higher salt concentrations.The possible explanation for these findings was discussed. © 1969 BY THE JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY.