OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOEVOLUTION

被引：13

作者：

COOPER, EL

机构：

[1] Los Angeles, CA

来源：

BOLLETTINO DI ZOOLOGIA | 1992年 / 59卷 / 02期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

LEUKOCYTES; SPECIFICITY; MEMORY; PHYLOGENY; DIVERSIFICATION;

D O I：

10.1080/11250009209386660

中图分类号：

Q95 [动物学];

学科分类号：

071002 ;

摘要：

Studies of immunoevolution have revealed diverse strategies within the animal kingdom. The immune system evolved to prevent the threat of extinction by microbial pathogens. Phagocytosis is the most ancient response and at other phylogenetic levels the complexity of immune responses reflects the level of species development. Whether vertebrate immunocytes evolved from invertebrate leukocytes is still questionable without firm information concerning the structural and functional properties of their receptors. Antibodies appear exclusively in vertebrates, however serological and biochemical evidence reveals members of the g superfamily among certain invertebrates. Cytotoxic cell immunity with limited T cell receptor-major histocompatibility complex (TRC-MHC) repertoire could have developed at an early stage of invertebrate evolution. Specificity and anamnesis are considered hallmarks of induced immune responses and there is evidence for both with respect to cellular and humoral responses in invertebrates. Cytokines, which are released by a variety of activated immune cells, exert profound effects on cells of the immune system and the host defense system in general. They seemed to have evolved early. Future research must emphasize a search for pattern recognition receptors and those receptors which are determined by rearranging gene families.

引用

页码：119 / 128

页数：10

共 79 条

[1]

Bayne C.J., Phagocytosis and non-self recognition in invertebrates, Bioscience, 40, pp. 723-732, (1990)

[2]

Bayne C.J., Sminia T., Van Der Knaap W.P.W., Immunological memory: Status of molluscan studies, Phylogeny of Immunological Memory, pp. 57-64, (1980)

[3]

Beck G., Habicht G.S., Isolation and characterization of a primitive II.-1-like protein from an invertebrate, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S., 83, pp. 7429-7433, (1986)

[4]

Beck G., O'Brien R.F., Habicht G.S., Invertebrate cytokines: The phylogenetic emergence of interleukin-1, Bioessays, 11, pp. 62-67, (1989)

[5]

Beck G., Vasta G.R., Marchalonis J.J., Habicht G.S., Characterization of interleukin-1 activity in tunicates. Comp. Biochem, Physiol., 92 B, pp. 93-98, (1989)

[6]

Bertheussen K., The cytotoxic reaction in allogeneic mixtures of echinoid phagocytes. Exp, Cell Res., 120, pp. 373-381, (1979)

[7]

Bigger C.H., Hildemann W.H., Jokiel P.L., Johnston I.S., Afferent sensitization and efferent cytotoxicity in allogeneic tissue responses of the marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa, Transplantation, 31, pp. 461-464, (1981)

[8]

Boiledieu D., Valembois P., Natural cytotoxic activity of sipunculid leukocytes on allogeneic and xenogeneic erythrocytes, Dev. Comp Immunol., 1, pp. 207-216, (1977)

[9]

Brehelin M., Zachery D., Insect haemocytes: A new classification to rule out the controversy, Immunity in Invertebrates, pp. 36-48, (1986)

[10]

Burnet F.M., Evolution of the immune process in vertebrates, Nature (Lond.), 218, pp. 426-430, (1968)

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 →