The rate of fatty acid synthesis with Streptomyces aureofaciens was measured by means of incorporation of 1-14C-acetic acid. The maximum specific rate of incorporation was achieved in the 12th hour. The incorporation rate of the labelled acetate into chlortetracycline was roughly twice that into fatty acids during the production phase. The rate of fatty acid synthesis in the high producing strain was five times that of the low producing one, although the dry weight fatty acid content was almost the same in both the strains. © 1969 Academia, nakladatelství Československé akademie věd.