BIRCH PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FOR ENERGY

被引：40

作者：

FERM, A

机构：

[1] Finnish Forest Research Institute, Kannus Research Station, FIN-69101 Kannus

来源：

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY | 1993年 / 4卷 / 06期

关键词：

BETULA; BIOMASS; ENERGY FORESTRY; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; SILVICULTURE;

D O I：

10.1016/0961-9534(93)90061-8

中图分类号：

S2 [农业工程];

学科分类号：

0828 ;

摘要：

Natural birch stands represent a significant biomass resource since birches are one of the most common deciduous genera in cool temperate regions, even in places ranging up to the forest line. Many characteristics of birch make it highly suited for short rotation forestry. However, growing birch in very short rotations (less than 10 years) in northern climates is not worthwhile on the basis of biomass production and economics. Rotations of 15 to 20 years may give good results everywhere. The intensive culture of birch plantations has largely remained untested, but it is very likely that the yield levels can be increased significantly by using cloned material as well as improved silvicultural treatments, fertilization and pest control. Birch feedstock, compared to material of many other tree species, is of even quality. Moisture content is low and basic density high. Branches and bark are also suitable for energy use. Birch plays an important part in the energy budget of entire nations, particularly of Finland and Sweden.

引用

页码：391 / 404

页数：14

共 158 条

[1]

Perala, Alm, Reproductive ecology of birch: A review, For. Ecol. Manage., 32, pp. 1-38, (1990)

[2]

Sakai, Freezing resistance of evergreen and broad-leaf trees indigenous to Japan, J. Jap. For. Soc., 54, pp. 333-339, (1972)

[3]

Brisbin, Sonderman, Birch. An American wood, USDA For. Serv. FS-221, (1973)

[4]

Gardiner, Taxonomy of intraspecific variation in Betula pubescens Ehrh. with particular reference to the Scottish Highlands, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb., 85 B, pp. 13-26, (1984)

[5]

Heiskanen, Raudus- ja hieskoivun laatu eri kasvupaikoilla. Summary: Quality of the common birch and the white birch on different sites, Commun. Inst. For. Fenn., 48, (1957)

[6]

Aarne, Metsätilastollinen vuosikirja 1990–1991, Folia For., 790, (1992)

[7]

Mikhailov, Deciduous soft wood growing and utilization—Populus tremula, Betula pendula, B. pubescens, Alnus glutinosa and A. incana in the USSR, Proc. IUFRO World Congress, (1976)

[8]

Philip, Birch. A report of the work of the silvicultural group, Scot. For., 32, pp. 26-36, (1978)

[9]

Sundqvist, Sveriges björktillgångar i dag och fram till år 2000. Summary, Statens Skogsmästarskola, 1, pp. 1-181, (1975)

[10]

Farmer, Yield components in forest trees, Proc. Fifth North Amer. For. Biol. Workshop, pp. 99-119, (1978)

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →