A comparative study has been made of the arrangement of base sequences in the ribosomal RNA cistrons of Escherichia coli and rabbit DNA. This was accomplished by examination of the thermal stability profiles of DNA/RNA hybrids formed by the two types of ribosomal RNA under various conditions. The thermal stabilities of ribosomal RNA hybrids of rabbit origin are more dependent on the conditions of reaction during the formation and are always lower than those of E. coli RNA. It is concluded that the rabbit ribosomal RNA hybrids are formed mainly from mismatching between RNA molecules and DNA sites other than those from which they were transcribed. Thus, the cluster of ribosomal RNA cistrons in a mammalian DNA, representing a historical series of tandem duplications, exhibits intercistronic base sequence divergence. © 1968 Plenum Publishing Corporation.