THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS TO A PHOTOTOXIN-SENSITIVE INSECT HERBIVORE, MANDUCA-SEXTA

Photo-activated plant secondary compounds have been shown to be toxic to many organisms including insects. Insect defenses include behavioral mechanisms such as light avoidance, as well as specific biochemical defenses such as antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. These antioxidant defenses eliminate or quench the deleterious singlet oxygen and free radicals formed by these phototoxins. In this paper we examined the role of dietary antioxidants in protecting the phototoxin-sensitive insect herbivore Manduca sexta. Elevated dietary levels of the lipid-soluble antioxidants Β-carotene and vitamin E resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in the mortality associated with treatment of M. sexta larvae with the phototoxic thiophene α-terthienyl. Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid had no effect, whereas reduced levels greatly increased the toxicity of α-terthienyl. Tissue levels of antioxidants were shown to increase substantially in larvae fed antioxidant-supplemented diets. The results suggest that the ability to absorb and utilize plant-derived antioxidants could be an important defense against photo-activated plant secondary compounds and may have allowed some insects to exploit phototoxic plants. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation.