USE OF 2 DATA SOURCES TO ESTIMATE ODDS RATIOS IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES

被引:17
作者
DREWS, CD
FLANDERS, WD
KOSINSKI, AS
机构
[1] Division of Epidemiology, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
[2] Division of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
关键词
MISCLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; RELATIVE RISK; SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; PREVALENCE RATES;
D O I
10.1097/00001648-199307000-00008
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Information bias is among the most serious and common problems in epidemiology. Approaches have been developed to reduce information bias by correcting for known amounts of misclassification. Unfortunately, in most studies, the extent of exposure misclassification cannot be easily estimated. We discuss the application to case-control studies of an approach originally proposed by Hui and Walter in 1980 to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of two independent classification schemes (Hui SL, Walter SD. Biometrics 1980;36:167-171). In this paper, we propose using the EM algorithm to provide a simple numeric technique for implementing their method that seems to converge for most real-world data. Our approach allows inclusion of a measure of non-independence of the two classification schemes, and we assess the influence of non-independence on the odds ratio. Finally, we provide a simple variance estimate for the odds ratio based on the delta method and maximum likelihood theory. We exemplify our results and method with data from a case-control study of sudden infant death syndrome in which data on some variables were obtained from both maternal interviews and medical records.
引用
收藏
页码:327 / 335
页数:9
相关论文
共 22 条
  • [1] Barron B.A., The effects of misclassification on estimation of relative risks, Biometrics, 33, pp. 414-418, (1977)
  • [2] Copeland K.T., Checkoway H., McMichael A.J., Holbrook R.H., Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risks, Am J Epidemiol, 105, pp. 488-495, (1977)
  • [3] Korn E.L., Hierarchical log-linear models not preserved by classification error, J am Stat Assoc, 76, pp. 110-112, (1981)
  • [4] Greenland S., Kleinbaum D.G., Correcting for misclassification in two-way tables and matched-pair studies, Int J Epidemiol, 12, pp. 93-97, (1983)
  • [5] Armstrong B.G., The effects of measurement errors on relative risk regressions, Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 1176-1184, (1990)
  • [6] Hewson D., Bennett A., Childbirth research data: Medical records or women’s reports?, Am J Epidemiol, 125, pp. 484-491, (1987)
  • [7] Walter S.D., Irwig L.M., Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: A review, J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 923-937, (1988)
  • [8] Marshall J.R., Graham S., Use of dual responses to increase the validity of case-control studies, J Chron Dis, 37, pp. 125-136, (1984)
  • [9] Walter S.D., Commentary on “Use of dual responses to increase the validity of case-control studies.”, J Chron Dis, 37, pp. 137-139, (1984)
  • [10] Marshall R.J., The predictive value of simple rules for combining two diagnostic tests, Biometrics, 45, pp. 1213-1222, (1989)