The author discusses the construction of model biochemical/physiological systems to fit experimental data which is always incomplete. He suggests that the first experiments on any system should be first-order (usually tracer) perturbations of steady-state systems. The proposed model can then be given a preliminary fit to the data; criteria for best fit, consistency, and uniqueness of fit are suggested. More data may then be obtained by perturbations at another steady-state, and finally by studying transient situations. References are included to some of the author's own publications in which these matters are discussed in detail. © 1969.