PROSTANOID-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1 MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID IN RAT OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS

Individual prostanoids have distinct potencies in activating intracellular signaling pathways and regulating gene expression in osteoblastic cells. The E-series prostaglandins (PGs) are known to stimulate matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) synthesis and secretion in certain rodent and human osteoblastic cells, yet the intracellular events involved remain unclear. To further characterize this response and its signal transduction pathway(s), we examined prostanoid-induced expression of the MMP-1 gene in the rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line UMR 106-01. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and PGE(1) were very potent stimulators (40-fold) of MMP-1 transcript abundance, PGF(2 alpha) and prostacyclin were weak stimulators (4-fold), and thromboxane-B-2 had no effect. The marked increase in MMP-1 transcript abundance after PGE(2) treatment was first detected at 2 h, became maximal at 4 h, and persisted beyond 24 h. This response was dose dependent and elicited maximal and half-maximal effects with concentrations of 10(-6) and 0.6 x 10(-7) M, respectively. Cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, completely blocked this effect of PGE(2), suggesting that the expression of other genes is required. Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that PGE(2) rapidly activates MMP-1 gene transcription, with a maximal increase at 2-4 h. The second messenger analog, 8-bromo-cAMP, mimicked the effects of PGE(2) by stimulating a dose-dependent increase in MMP-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, with a maximal effect quantitatively similar to that observed with PGE(2). Thus, in UMR 106-01 cells, different prostanoids have distinct potencies in stimulating MMP-1 mRNA abundance. Our data suggest that PGE2 stimulation of MMP-1 synthesis is due to activation of MMP-1 gene transcription and a subsequent marked increase in MMP-1 mRNA abundance. This effect s dependent on de novo protein synthesis and is mimicked by protein kinase-A activation.