MECHANISM OF POST-ARRHYTHMIC RENAL VASOCONSTRICTION IN THE ANESTHETIZED DOG

The mechanism of postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction was studied in 28 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg i.v.). Rapid atrial or ventricular pacing or induction of atrial fibrillation were used to produce at least a 20% prompt decrease in cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure. Return to control cardiac output and blood pressure occurred within 3 min aftrer cessation of the arrhythmia, but renal blood flow remained significantly decreased (26%) with gradual recovery by 17.7±6.6 min. Infusion of phentolamine (0.25 mg/min) into the renal artery, intravenous hexamethonium (1 mg/kg), adrenal demedullation, or cooling the cervical vagi prevented postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction. In contrast, renal denervation, intravenous bretylium (10 mg/kg), intravenous atropine (0.5 mg/kg) or intrarenal SQ 20881 (0.20 mg/min) had no effect on postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction. Intravenous propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) intensified postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction. These data suggested that the postarrhythmic renal vasoconstrictive response required intact vagi and was due to alpha adrenergic stimulation by adrenal catecholamines. However, femoral arterial catecholamine levels were not elevated above control during postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction. We therefore sought load vascular pathways by which catecholamines might reach the kidneys. An adreno-renal vascular network was found in each dog. Collection of catecholamines from these vessels during postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction in six dogs revealed catecholamine concentrations threefold higher than simultaneously collected femoral arterial catecholamines levels. Because ligation of these vessels abolished postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction in each dog, we conclude that postarrhythmic renal vasoconstriction is due to adrenal catecholamines reaching the kidneys through an adreno-renal vascular network and that the response required intact vagi.