PATTERNS OF CD16 AND CD56 EXPRESSION IN PERSISTENT EXPANSIONS OF CD3+NKA+ LYMPHOCYTES ARE PREDICTIVE FOR CLONAL T-CELL RECEPTOR GENE REARRANGEMENTS

Phenotypic characteristics, and correlations between the expression of membrane NK-associated (NKa) determinants (CD11b, CD16, CD56 and CD57) and T cell receptor (TCR) genotypic patterns, were examined in 25 patients with persistent (> 6 months) expansions of CD3+WT31+NKa+ (CD8+ and CD8dim+) lymphocytes. These studies showed that distinct NKa phenotypic profiles were restricted to cases with rearranged TCR configurations and that clonal CD3+NKa+ components could be predicted in most cases by assessing relationships between membrane CD16 and CD56 expression. For all normal NKa subpopulations, there was a high correlation (P < 0.0001; n = 31) between the expression of these two membrane determinants. Markedly increased CD16 expression by CD3+NKa+ cells, in relation to CD56 (i.e. a high CD16:CD56 ratio), was found exclusively in cases with rearranged TCR (13/16 cases): 2/3 of the remaining cases showing significantly reduced CD16:CD56 ratios and high (> 2.0) CD3+ CD56+ absolute numbers. In contrast, 7/9 of the germline TCR cases had a normal CD16:CD56 ratio and 2/9 a decreased ratio with low (> 1.0) CD3+ CD56+ absolute numbers. A high ratio of CD16:CD56 expression by CD3+ NKa+ lymphocytes was therefore informative for 82% of TCR rearrangements in this series; and analysis of CD16 and CD56 expression was predictive for germline and rearranged TCR configurations in 24/25 persistent CD3+ NKa+ expansions.