The influence of K+, Na+, Mg++, Li+, a serotonin, acetylcholine and tubocurarine on calcium-ganglioside-interactions was studied by way of equilibrium dialysis using 45Ca as tracer. Experiments were carried out at 22 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The concentrations of the substances were in the range of physiologically relevant conditions. Cations caused a release of Ca++ from calcium-ganglioside-complexes in the sequence of their molar efficiency: Mg++ ≈ Li+ > K+ ≈ Na+. Tubocurarine, serotonin and acetylcholine also affected calcium-ganglioside-interactions. Ca++ was displaced from ganglioside most effectively by tubocurarine, followed by serotonin, whereas acetylcholine competed considerably more weakly. © 1979.