Yield-Gap Analysis of a Homogeneous Area and Zonification of a Sugarcane Mill Region in Oaxaca, Mexico

Defining homogeneous areas and analyzing yield gaps where uniform production is expected may help identify limiting factors in production. Using soil and climate layers with ArcView, we defined 20 climatically and edaphically homogeneous sugarcane (Saccharum ssp. hybrid L.) areas in Oaxaca, Mexico. With data from 16 farms, the yield gap in the largest homogeneous area (Am climate-Plinthic Luvisol soil) was analyzed using multiple regression, with climate, soil, management, and socio-economic factors as independent variables and yield as dependent variable. Soil bulk density explained 49% of yield. For combined variables, silt and accumulated precipitation (4th-7th month after harvest) explained 63% of yield. Grower's age and total production cost showed a significant effect on yield. The difference in production was attributable primarily to the condition of the soils, which, though of the same soil type, had varying values of physical and chemical properties. Improvement of soil properties through management practices is recommended to increase cane yield. Similar studies can help in matching technology transfer programs with actual needs.