GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR BASED ON CARBON-BLACK STRIPS

Amperometric biosensors for the determination of beta-D-glucose have been constructed. They were based on a porous matrix of carbon blacks - `Ketjenblack' (KB) and `Shawinigan black' (SB) wet-proofed with polytetrafluoroethylene. Glucose-sensitive elements were prepared by subsequent adsorptional immobilization of 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (DMFc) and nickelocene (Nc) on 'Shawinigan black' or tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) on 'Ketjenblack' together with Penicillium chrysogenum glucose oxidase. Maximum surface concentrations of DMFc, Nc and TCNQ on carbon black electrodes were 95, 116 and 151 nmol cm-2. The biosensor based on KB and TCNQ (KB-TCNQ biosensor) could be used at a potential of 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode) in the concentration range up to 7 mm. This biosensor possessed an approximately ten times higher sensitivity than the ones based on SB and DMFc (SB-DMFc biosensor) and on SB and Nc (SB-Nc biosensor) which acted at 0.3 V and 0.05 V, respectively. The biosensors were suitable for practical use longer than one week.