Pemoline (Cylert) is an agent used to treat attention deficit disorders and other behavioral syndromes. There have, however, been three published reports of mild hepatic dysfunction in five patients coincident with pemoline therapy. We report two further cases of probable pemoline hepatotoxicity. One case involved a mild aminotransferase elevation in a 6-year-old who was on pemoline for 5 months. The second case, in an 11-year-old, developed hepatic failure with marked prolongation in prothrombin time nonresponsive to parenteral vitamin K, deep jaundice, and submassive hepatic necrosis. This patient had a long history of pemoline usage. Pharmacokinetics are briefly discussed. A spectrum of hepatic disease due to pemoline is considered and the importance of obtaining aminotransferase values before, during initiation, and throughout treatment is stressed. © 1990 Raven Press, Ltd., New York.
