THE X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA OF ND(OH)(3), SM(OH)(3), EU(OH)(3) AND GD(OH)(3)

Experimental WS spectra of lanthanide trihydroxides (Ln(OH)(3), where Ln is Nd, Sm, Eu or Gd) at Ln(3+)5p, 5s, 4d, 4p, 4s, and 3d and OH- 2 sigma, 3 sigma and 1 pi levels are reported. A process of computation obtained by combining Wendin's quasi-particle method and the Johansson-Martenssen method with first-order correction is employed in this work to explain the observed physical phenomena. The derived model implies that the spectral function of a long lifetime quasiparticle is a Gaussian function, locates the atomic orbital energy, corrects the variation in binding energy due to the correlation energy, calculates semi-empirically the dipole relaxation energy shift, and accounts for the atom-to-solid core level shift. Valence band XPS spectra, Ln(3+)4d, 4p, 4s, 3d and experimental and theoretical binding energies of Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+,and Gd3+ in Ln(OH)(3) are tabulated. It is conspicuous that the 4f and 5d orbital collapses are responsible for the interesting features of three giant Coster-Kronig fluctuations, 5 ($) under bar s(1) reversible arrow 5 ($) under bar p(2)md(1) (m = 5, 6, 7,...), 4 ($) under bar p(1) reversible arrow 4 ($) under bar d(2)mf(1) (m = 4, 5, 6,...) and 4 ($) under bar s(1) reversible arrow 4 ($) under bar p(1)4 ($) under bar d(1)mf(1) (m = 4, 5, 6,...), and the ''satellite complex'' in the 3d core hole spectra.