THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION - A REVIEW

被引:171
作者
GOLDSTEIN, TP [1 ]
AIZENSHTAT, Z [1 ]
机构
[1] HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,CASALI INST APPL CHEM,ENERGY RES CTR,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL
来源
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS | 1994年 / 42卷 / 01期
关键词
THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION (TSR);
D O I
10.1007/BF02547004
中图分类号
O414.1 [热力学];
学科分类号
摘要
The high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide found in many oil and gas fields is thought to arise from the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons by sulfate - a reaction that reduces the value of the resource. This review, undertaken in order to better understand the geochemistry of TSR reaction in oil field sediments, covers the relevant information on thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) to 1991. The theoretical and experimental aspects of TSR reactions (including sulfur and carbon isotope studies) are reviewed and their significance to the geochemical system discussed. The present review agrees with previous suggestions that biochemical reduction of sulfate dominates in sedimentary environments below 120-degrees-C, and supports the possibility that reactive sulfur species will oxidize certain organic molecules at meaningful rates in geochemically reasonable reaction periods at temperatures above 175-degrees-C. We conclude that under typical petroleum reservoir reaction conditions, both elemental sulfur and polysulfides are capable of oxidizing some organic molecules under basic conditions. But that sulfate alone will not react unless lower oxidation state sulfur is present. The possible interaction of low-valence-state sulfur with sulfate to form TSR active oxidants is examined, both H2S and SO4(2-) are required for the formation of active polysulfide reductants (e.g. thiosulfate or polythionates) in TSR systems. Such intermediates can serve to lower the overall activation energy of the oxidation of hydrocarbons by sulfate via thermal generation of sulfur radicals that can function as TSR active oxidants in many oil field sediments. We suggest that some proposed chemical mechanisms for TSR need to be experimentally verified and the results re-interpreted with respect to TSR reactions in geologic systems.
引用
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页码:241 / 290
页数:50
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