神经干细胞与脊髓损伤的治疗

被引:10
作者
王磊
王连仲
机构
[1] 解放军第四六三医院神经外科
关键词
神经干细胞; 脊髓损伤; 干细胞治疗; 综述文献;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R651.2 [脊髓];
学科分类号
100223 [神经外科学];
摘要
学术背景:脊髓损伤患者损伤平面以下感觉、运动、反射及尿便功能障碍,胚胎的脊髓组织、许旺细胞以及基因修饰的功能细胞等载体移植均有助于神经系统的恢复。其中神经干细胞因与损伤区域的细胞同源,故具有独特的治疗优势。目的:深入认识神经干细胞与脊髓损伤治疗领域的相关研究进展。检索策略:由该论文的研究人员应用计算机检索Pubmed与Sciencedirect数据库2000-01/2007-05的相关文献,检索词"neuralstemcells,spinalcordinjury",并限定文章语言种类为English。共检索到132篇文献,对资料进行初审,纳入标准:①文章所述内容应与神经干细胞治疗脊髓损伤相关。②同一领域选择近期发表或在权威杂志上发表的文章。③近4年文献。排除标准:①重复性研究。②Meta分析。③综述文献。文献评价:文献的来源主要是通过对神经干细胞治疗脊髓损伤方面内容进行汇总分析,所选用的23篇文献均为临床或基础实验研究。资料综合:①脊髓损伤后,血-脊髓屏障被破坏,多种炎性因子进入损伤区域,触发细胞坏死和凋亡等级联效应。从病理生理机制角度,脊髓损伤后出现的局部微环境改变也是造成神经系统再生失败的重要原因。②神经干细胞具备自我维持和更新的能力、增殖分裂能力、自我更新能力、多向分化潜能、一定的迁移能力。在哺乳动物中枢神经系统内,神经干细胞可从胚胎、胎儿和成人脑与脊髓组织的不同部位分离出来,并能够在体外或体内扩增,分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。③将神经干细胞或其分化产物移植至宿主脊髓内,继而分化为相应的神经细胞是多种中枢神经系统疾病治疗的共同途径。目前仍有许多问题亟待解决,如神经干细胞定向分化的诱导信号通路及相关作用机制;体外操作对神经干细胞分化特性的影响;移植后神经干细胞的功能状态及迁移、分化调控等。结论:利用神经干细胞进行细胞替代和转基因治疗脊髓损伤具有较好的临床应用前景。
引用
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页码:2335 / 2338
页数:4
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