Development and assessment of a new hybrid vehicle with ammonia and hydrogen

In the current study, a new carbon-free ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is integrated with thermoelectric generator and ammonia electrolyte cell and proposed for green vehicles. This integrated system aims to produce hydrogen onboard to enhance the combustion characteristics of the ammonia fuel and enhance internal combustion engine performance. The proposed system is analyzed both energetically and exergetically. Also, a dynamic analysis is provided to investigate the dynamic performance of the proposed system during vehicle operation. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system are found to be 31.1% and 28.94% respectively. The highest exergy destruction rates are found for the internal combustion engine followed by the thermoelectric generator system and ammonia electrolyte cell. Furthermore, hydrogen produced from ammonia electrolyte cell was sufficient to provide the internal combustion engine with the required hydrogen for better combustion and engine performance.