Household water use: A Portuguese field study

被引：11

作者：

Vieira, P. ^{[1
]}

Almeida, M.D.C. ^{[1
]}

Baptista, J.M. ^{[2
]}

Ribeiro, R. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, 1700-066 Lisboa

[2] Instituto Regulador de Aguas e Residuos, 1600-209 Lisboa, R. Tomas da Fonseca

来源：

Water Science and Technology: Water Supply | 2007年 / 7卷 / 5-6期

关键词：

Consumption; Field study; Household water use;

D O I：

10.2166/ws.2007.098

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Household water use structure can vary significantly depending on several factors like personal habits, socio-economic, cultural and climatic conditions. In the absence of Portuguese data on domestic water consumption, a field study was carried out in order to obtain information that could help support the definition of water conservation measures within the scope of the Portuguese National Program for the Efficient Use of Water. The paper describes the methodology and results obtained in this study, which involved approximately 100 participants that made a characterization of their appliances and detailed recordings of all water uses. Results allowed for the determination of average values of usage duration and frequency for each appliance, total volume consumed per water appliance and per capita water consumption. In terms of consumption structure, it was found that showering and bathing were the main components (36 ± 13%) followed by taps (29 ± 10%) and toilet flushing (21 ± 7%). © IWA Publishing 2007.

引用

页码：193 / 202

页数：9

共 9 条

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[2]

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[3]

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[4]

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[5]

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[6]

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[7]

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[8]

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[9]

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