Preventive engineering uses information about how technology affects human life, society, and the natural ecology in order to adjust engineering methods and approaches to achieve the best possible compatibility between technology and its contexts. One area of application, pollution prevention, which considers the design and selection of processes, products, and materials to reduce negative effects on the natural ecology, is discussed. The materials life cycle approach, a conceptual framework with which to examine flows of materials throughout the product life cycle, and a component of the product cycle of design, production, use, and discard, is reviewed. rhese concepts are related to the demands placed on engineers resulting from the rapidly changing setting in which they practice.