明清基层社会管理组织系统论纲

This paper describes in outline form the dual system of "official" and "popular" administration, existing during the Ming and Qing periods, to regulate lower - level society- It conducts a detailed inquiry into the latter system in particular-that is, clans, villnges, village compacts, association and guilds, as well as their social funtions, economic foundations, and cultural activities. This article suggests a new interpretation: the fact that the govemment was able to integrate diverse forms of popular social administration and organization, shows that feudal society was already adapting to changes in the social milieu(marketization, population mobility, and the examination system)