论清代东北流民的流向及对东北的开发

In the Qing Dynasty, the Han people moved into the North east and exploited the area, which showed a tendency for the Hans to extend their territory from the south to the north, covering Fengtian, Jinn and Heilongjiang province one after another. In the period of Emperor Shun Zhi Kangxi and Yongzheng, the government encouraged the emmigrants to move into the north--east and cultivate the land, so the emmigrants gathered mainly in the eastern Liao area in Fengtian province. Because the emmigrants kept swarmig into the eastern Liao area, the structure of land occupation between the Manchu and the Han chu changed greatly. And it threatened the Manchu's life style. For that reason, in 1740, the government issued a law to blockade the area and prohibit settlement in the eastern -- Liao area. Under this severe law, people in the increasingly densely-- populated area had to move towards Jin zhou. Kaiyan, farther to the north. Since Heilongjiang lies in the far northestern boundary, the Han people did not swarm in until the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, due to the increasing boundary crisis in Heilongjiang that is, the government, forced by the severe situation, agreed to allow emmigrants to settle down at the Heilongjiang frontier. With the emmigrants moving to the Feng, Ji and Hei areas, the northestern area became more and more exploited and prospered.