我国中老年人慢性病共病现状及其对卫生服务利用和医疗费用的影响研究

被引:99
作者
范潇茹 [1 ]
陈莎 [1 ]
施予宁 [1 ]
郝春 [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] 中山大学公共卫生学院医学统计学系卫生信息研究中心广东省卫生信息学重点实验室
[2] 中山大学国家治理研究院全球卫生研究中心
关键词
慢性病共病; 设施与服务利用; 费用,医疗; 分位数回归;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R195 [卫生调查与统计];
学科分类号
100401 [流行病与卫生统计学];
摘要
背景 中老年人慢性病共病情况严重,已成为我国卫生体系面临的重要问题。慢性病患病数量与卫生服务利用和医疗费用相关,但目前我国尚缺乏该方向研究的全国性调查。目的 了解我国中老年人慢性病共病的患病情况和特征,分析患慢性病数量对中老年人卫生服务利用和医疗费用的影响。方法 于2021年4—10月,在中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据库中获取16 674例≥45岁受访者的问卷资料。问卷中设置了14种慢性病,以受访者自我报告患≥2种慢性病为存在慢性病共病。选取的卫生服务利用指标为受访者过去1年是否利用过住院服务、过去1个月是否利用过门诊服务,选取的医疗费用指标为过去1年的住院总费用和住院自付费用、过去1个月的门诊总费用和门诊自付费用。采用Logistic回归分析慢性病患病数量对卫生服务利用的影响,采用分位数回归分析慢性病患病数量对医疗费用的影响。结果 在16 674例中老年人中,9 561例(57.34%)患≥2种慢性病(慢性病共病),2 624例(15.74%)在过去1年利用过住院服务,2 588例(15.52%)在过去1个月利用过门诊服务。不同慢性病患病种数患者的住院服务利用率、门诊服务利用率,以及住院总费用、住院自付费用、门诊总费用、门诊自付费用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,慢性病患病种数是中老年人住院服务利用的影响因素,患1、2、3、4、≥5种慢性病患者的住院服务利用率分别是未患慢性病者的1.882倍〔95%CI(1.547,2.290)〕、2.939倍〔95%CI(2.429,3.555)〕、4.231倍〔95%CI(3.490,5.130)〕、5.723倍〔95%CI(4.680,7.000)〕、8.671倍〔95%CI(7.173,10.482)〕,门诊服务利用率分别是未患慢性病者的1.684倍〔95%CI(1.421,1.995)〕、2.481倍〔95%CI(2.101,2.931)〕、3.691倍〔95%CI(3.115,4.374)〕、3.774倍〔95%CI(3.134,4.544)〕、5.577倍〔95%CI(4.698,6.620)〕。分位数回归分析结果显示:每增加1种慢性病,第50、75、90百分位数下的住院总费用和住院自付费用增加,且对上百分位数费用水平的影响更大〔住院总费用第90百分位Coeff(95%CI)=1 248.43(219.20,2 277.66),住院自付费用第90百分位Coeff(95%CI)=706.36(266.87,1 145.86)〕;每增加1种慢性病,各百分位数下的门诊总费用和门诊自付费用均增加,且对上百分位数的影响更大〔门诊总费用第90百分位Coeff(95%CI)=196.33(31.06,361.61),门诊自付费用第90百分位Coeff(95%CI)=128.56(26.83,230.28)〕。结论 我国中老年人的慢性病共病情况严重,慢性病患病种数增加与更高的卫生服务利用和医疗费用相关。政府应重视初级保健,以管理与慢性病共病有关的卫生服务需求和医疗费用。
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页码:2371 / 2378
页数:8
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