知觉冲突信息对他人印象控制策略的影响:以直接信息与间接信息为例

被引:3
作者
崔诣晨 [1 ,2 ,3 ]
周明洁 [2 ]
夏琪 [4 ]
叶丽娟 [2 ]
机构
[1] 南京晓庄学院心理健康研究院
[2] 南京林业大学江苏环境与发展研究中心
[3] 上海师范大学教育学院
[4] 扬州高等职业技术学校
关键词
知觉冲突; 印象控制; 主动性控制; 反应性控制; 知觉负载;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
B842 [心理过程与心理状态];
学科分类号
040201 [基础心理学];
摘要
个体根据知觉选择、反应偏向以及实时更新的情境信息调节自身状态,以适应性地促进对当前知觉信息的灵活编码,这一过程即为印象形成的认知控制。采用词语判断任务操控直接信息与间接信息,通过侧抑制任务的变式对知觉对象进行高、低负载两种水平的加工,考察了不同类型的冲突信息及其知觉负载对他人印象控制策略的影响。结果发现:知觉负载对印象控制策略的调节作用会依据知觉信息的类型(冲突vs.相容)而变化。具体而言,当知觉信息相容时,个体的印象控制策略仅受知觉负载的调节而产生效应,即高知觉负载的个体易采取主动性控制策略而进行自上而下的线索驱动性加工,低知觉负载的个体则易采取反应性控制策略而进行自下而上的探测驱动性加工;当知觉信息冲突时,个体的知觉负载效应消失,即对冲突信息的印象控制策略受到知觉信息的类型(冲突vs.相容)与知觉负载双重调节:高知觉负载的个体易采取反应性控制策略而激活反刻板印象,从而在印象加工中出现冲突适应偏向;低知觉负载的个体则易采取主动性控制策略而激活刻板印象,从而在印象加工中出现冲突抑制偏向。这些结果表明,仅当他人信息不存在冲突时,知觉负载对印象控制策略的调节才发挥单一效应。
引用
收藏
页码:27 / 33
页数:7
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