蚯蚓在生态系统中的作用

被引:108
作者
张卫信
陈迪马
赵灿灿
机构
[1] 中国科学院华南植物园生态研究所
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目;
关键词
蚯蚓; 生态功能; 蚯蚓生态类群; 蚯蚓入侵;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
Q958 [动物生态学和动物地理学];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
蚯蚓能够对许多决定土壤肥力的过程产生重要影响,被称为“生态系统工程师”。它通过取食、消化、排泄和掘穴等活动在其体内外形成众多的反应圈,从而对生态系统的生物、化学和物理过程产生影响。蚯蚓在生态系统中既是消费者、分解者,又是调节者,它在生态系统中的功能具体表现在:(1)对土壤中有机质分解和养分循环等关键过程的影响;(2)对土壤理化性质的影响;(3)与植物、微生物及其他动物的相互作用。蚯蚓活动及其在生态系统中的功能受蚯蚓生态类群、种群大小、植被、母岩、气候、时间尺度以及土地利用历史的综合控制。蚯蚓外来种入侵与生态系统的关系以及蚯蚓对全球变化的响应和影响是两个值得关注的问题。土壤本身的复杂性,蚯蚓自然历史和生物地理学知识的缺乏,野外控制蚯蚓群落方法的滞后等都限制了蚯蚓生态学的发展。其他新技术如研究养分循环的碳氮同位素分析和揭示土壤微结构的图像分析等技术的应用是蚯蚓生态功能研究的迫切需要。
引用
收藏
页码:142 / 153
页数:12
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