公众科学在欧美生态环境研究和管理中的应用

被引：11

作者：

李春明 ^{[1
]}

张会 ^{[1
,2
]}

HAKLAY Muki ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室

[2] 中国科学院大学

[3] Extreme Citizen Science Group,University College

来源：

生态学报 | 2018年 / 38卷 / 06期

关键词：

公众科学; 应用模式; 公众参与; 生态; 环境;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

X32 [环境规划与环境管理];

学科分类号：

摘要：

近十年来以大量公众参与科学研究活动为特征的公众科学在生态环境研究和管理中得到了快速发展,根据公众和科学家之间的合作程度不同出现了以贡献型、协作型和共创型为主的应用模式,并在生物多样性调查、环境质量监测、生态环境管理中表现出了极大的潜在价值。通过对欧美公众科学在生态环境研究和管理中的典型案例进行介绍,分析了其概念内涵,概括了其项目的组成结构和应用模式,指出了面临的挑战和发展趋势。结论如下:(1)传感器技术的进步、便携式智能设备和移动网络普及使得公众获取周边生态环境信息的能力日益增强,种类也日益多样。(2)公众科学项目的运用不仅能够扩大数据获取范围,也能加深公众对科学问题的认识和提高管理部门科学决策水平。(3)公众提供的数据种类,数据质量,以及公众激励机制,都是该模式持续和高质量运行时所要面临的挑战。(4)欧美一些"科研单位-公众机构-公民团体"等纷纷联合起来形成公众科学协会,同时政府部门已制定了公众科学发展计划和法规,来规范和促进公众科学项目的应用。(5)我国相关研究和管理部门应建立统一协作平台,进一步引导公众科学参与和提高协作效率。

引用

页码：2239 / 2245

页数：7

共 30 条

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