“道德机器”的道德偏差与无人驾驶技术的伦理设计

被引：6

作者：

钱圆媛

机构：

[1] 中共中央党校(国家行政学院)哲学教研部

来源：

东北大学学报(社会科学版) | 2021年 / 23卷 / 03期

关键词：

无人驾驶汽车; 道德机器; 电车困境; 神经网络; 德性伦理学;

D O I：

10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2021.03.002

中图分类号：

B82-057 [道德与科学技术]; U463.6 [电气设备及附件];

学科分类号：

摘要：

无人驾驶技术的飞速发展催生了"电车困境"的现实新讨论。其中,MIT的"道德机器"实验声称,通过收集公众的道德偏好,有望解决无人驾驶汽车的道德算法问题。然而,该实验并不有助于无人驾驶技术的伦理设计,这部分源于试图抽象普遍地构建"电车困境"问题的方式,同时单靠一套自上而下的义务论或功利论去匹配数据结构和算法模拟,难以处理非线性、多因素、多冲突且情境敏感的现实道德问题。通过结合自下而上的机器学习与自上而下的符号推理,运用更相适配的联结主义网络与德性伦理学来发展具有诸良好特质或"德性"的无人汽车计算机系统,并与外部系统连接以达成整体系统的多功能融合,被认为是更有可能且更观照道德本性的无人驾驶伦理设计进路。

引用

页码：8 / 15+21 +21

页数：9

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