In order to evaluate the remaining lifetime of shipboard cables, accelerated aging experiments of cable insulation layers were conducted on a test bed, which is developed to simulate the shipboard environment. Two groups of aging experiments (with and without humidity) were conducted, and the elongation at the break of aged cable insulation layer samples was measured. The aging curves of CXF type cable’s insulation layers under 70~90 °C were plotted, based on which a corresponding mathematical models was developed according to Arrhenius theory. Using this mathematic model, the remaining lifetime of CXF type shipboard cable can be predicted. The proposed method is a new way to evaluate cables’ remaining (useful) lifetime.