三江平原芦苇沼泽边缘鸟类多样性特征

被引:3
作者
王强 [1 ]
吕宪国 [1 ]
周学红 [2 ]
机构
[1] 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所
[2] 东北林业大学
关键词
湿地; 边缘效应; 群落; 洪河;
D O I
10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2008.07.005
中图分类号
Q958.12 [动物与生物环境的关系];
学科分类号
摘要
在三江平原的洪河自然保护区设置了183个样点,对芦苇—农田(62个样点)、芦苇—苔草(56个样点)、芦苇—明水面(65个样点)3种边缘的夏季鸟类进行了调查,并应用Shannon-Wiener指数、G-F指数、Hill均匀度指数比较了不同生境多样性。结果表明:在芦苇—明水面边缘鸟类的多样性水平较高(Shannon-Wiener指数=1.45,G-F指数=0.66),代表种为苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)、普通燕鸥(Sterna hirundo)、大苇莺(Acrocephalus arundinaceus);芦苇—农田边缘鸟类以小型杂食性鸟类为代表,且多样性水平最低(Shannon-Wiener指数=0.95,G-F指数=0.52);芦苇—苔草沼泽以食虫鸟类为主,多样性介于前述两者之间(Shannon-Wiener指数=1.33,G-F指数=0.62)。人类活动的增加,不仅降低了鸟类的多样性,而且水鸟种类的数量也在减少,但种类单一的杂食性小型鸟类的数量有所增加。同时指出,应保留或扩大现有明水水面及田缘湿地,以保护大型水鸟,增加农田生态系统鸟类多样性,控制害虫。
引用
收藏
页码:53 / 55
页数:3
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