突触前代谢型谷氨酸受体调节神经递质的释放

被引：12

作者：

张策

乔健天

刘荣建

机构：

[1] 山西医科大学生理学教研室

[2] 美国耶鲁大学医学院精神科太原

[3] 太原

来源：

生理科学进展 | 2002年 / 04期

基金：

山西省归国人员基金;

关键词：

谷氨酸; 代谢型谷氨酸受体; 突触前受体; 神经递质;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

R338 [神经生理学];

学科分类号：

0710 ; 071006 ;

摘要：

谷氨酸通过激活离子型受体(iGluR)介导快速兴奋性突触传递,参与脑内几乎所有生理过程。谷氨酸过量释放可导致与脑缺血、缺氧及变性疾病有关的兴奋毒作用,最终引起神经元的死亡。代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluRs)是一个与G-蛋白偶联的受体家族,分三型共八个亚型。其中Ⅱ和Ⅲ型mGluRs主要位于突触前,发挥对谷氨酸释放的负反馈调节。Ⅲ型mGluRs中的mGluR,位于谷氨酸能末梢突触前膜的活性区,发挥自身受体的作用,对正常情况下突触传递过程的谷氨酸释放进行负反馈调节;而属于Ⅱ型的mGluR2及属于Ⅲ型的mGluR4和mGluR8,则位于远离突触前膜活性区的外突触区,因而正常突触传递过程中释放的谷氨酸量不能激活它们。只有在突触传递增强的情况下才被激活,抑制递质的释放。另外,mGluRs还分布在GABA能纤维末梢,通过突触前机制抑制GABA的释放。对突触前膜受体尤其是位于外突触区的mGluRs受体的研究,将有可能开发出理想的工具药,从而预防和阻止谷氨酸过量释放引起的神经毒及神经元的死亡。

引用

页码：293 / 298

页数：6

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