地膜残留量对棉田土壤水分分布及棉花根系构型的影响

被引:122
作者
林涛 [1 ,2 ]
汤秋香 [3 ]
郝卫平 [1 ]
吴凤全 [3 ]
雷蕾 [3 ]
严昌荣 [1 ]
何文清 [1 ]
梅旭荣 [1 ]
机构
[1] 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所
[2] 新疆农业科院经济作物研究所
[3] 新疆农业大学农学院
关键词
土壤水分; 根系; 棉花; 地膜残留量; 产量及产量构成;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
X712 [农副业]; S562 [棉];
学科分类号
082803 [农业生物环境与能源工程]; 090302 [植物营养学];
摘要
根系是获取水分和养分的重要器官,并通过根区环境的相互作用影响作物的生产效率,分析地膜残留量对土壤水分及根系构型的影响对认识、分析和评价残膜污染,发展残膜防控技术具有重要意义。该文通过2 a田间模拟试验,设置了0 (A)、225 (B)、450 (C)、675 (D)和900 kg/hm2(E) 5个地膜残留量处理,分析了地膜残留量对土壤水分分布及根系构型的影响。结果表明,残膜量对土壤水分,根系形态、产量及水分利用效率均有一定影响。根系生物量的80%~95%分布于0~30 cm的土层范围,该区域是土壤水分分布及棉花根系构型受地膜残留量影响较显著的区域。无残膜(0 kg/hm2)处理的土壤水分状况、根系构型显著优于高残膜量(900 kg/hm2)处理。随着残膜量的增加,生育期内0~50 cm土壤平均含水率逐渐降低,各土层出现不同程度的水分亏缺,并产生水分优势流或水分阻隔效益。残膜量的增加显著降低了根系生物量、根质量密度、根长密度、根表面积密度、根系体积和根系平均直径。残膜含量的增加显著降低了产量和水分利用效率。2 a数据表明,与A处理相比,E处理生育期土壤含水率平均降低了37.36%,根质量密度平均降低了70.73%,根长密度平均降低了61.35%、根表面积密度平均降低了216.50%、根系体积平均降低了47.39%、根系平均直径平均降低了82.65%。籽棉产量和水分利用效率平均降低了18.50%和13.69%。因此建议采取合理的棉田净土措施,降低残膜污染对土壤水分及根系构型的影响,有利于提升产量和水分利用效率。
引用
收藏
页码:117 / 125
页数:9
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