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Obstacles and opportunities for collaboration among academia, industry and government. The Association of American Medical Colleges,Food and Drug Administration,Center for Drug Development Science at the Uni- versity of California San Francisco,Drug Development Science. . 2005
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Innovation or Stagnation:Challenge and opportunity on the critical path to new medical products. FDA. . 2004
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2004 Industry profile. PhRMA. . 2005
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The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. DIMASI J,RONALD H,HENRY G. Journal of Health Economics . 2003
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Innovation in the pharmaceutical sector. Charles River Associates. . 2004
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Productivity in pharmaceuti- cal-biotechnology R&D:The role of experience and alliance. DANZON P,,SEAN N,NUNO P. NBER Working Paper 9615 . 2003
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Therapeutic class is a critical determinant of drug development cost and time. Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. . 2004
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Post-approval R&D raises total drug development costs to $ 897 million. Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. . 2003
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Assessing the current anal future impact of ge- nomics on R&D costs,complexity,and success rates. Lehman Brothers. . 2001
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The pharmaceutical industry in figures. EFPIA(The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries,and Associations). . 2006