稀土矿露天开采过程的污染及对资源和生态环境的影响

被引:142
作者
高志强 [1 ]
周启星 [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] 南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室/天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室
[2] 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所中国科学院陆地生态过程重点实验室
关键词
露天开采; 稀土矿; 资源问题; 生态环境问题;
D O I
10.13292/j.1000-4890.2011.0421
中图分类号
X502 [污染分析与测定]; X820.3 [环境影响评价];
学科分类号
摘要
随着我国矿山开采活动的增加,矿山周边的生态环境面临前所未有的压力,并且产生了一系列的资源、生态与环境问题。本文介绍了我国典型稀土矿露天开采的主要方法和工艺流程,概述了稀土矿露天开采过程所产生的放射性污染、重金属、氟、氨氮和硫酸根污染问题,并且阐明了稀土矿开采对资源回收利用、周边大气、植物、水生态系统、土壤环境的影响与潜在的危害,为稀土矿区的污染综合整治和污染环境的生态修复提供科学依据。
引用
收藏
页码:2915 / 2922
页数:8
相关论文
共 70 条
  • [1] Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in Phaeozem of northeast China
    Guo, G. L.
    Zhou, Q. X.
    [J]. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH, 2006, 28 (04) : 331 - 340
  • [2] Rare earth elements in soil and plant systems - A review[J] . Germund Tyler. &nbspPlant and Soil . 2004 (1)
  • [3] Rare earth elements in chloride-rich groundwater, Palo Duro Basin, Texas,USA. Gosselin D C, Smith M R, Lepel E A, et al. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta . 1992
  • [4] Geochem-istry of the rare-earth elements in hypersaline and dilute acidic natural terrestrial waters: Complexation behavior and middle rare-earth element enrichments. Johannesson K.H,Lyons W.B,Yelken M.A. et al. Chemical Geology . 1996
  • [5] The significance of the rare earths in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. Tarlor,S. R.,McLennan,S. M.,Gschneider,K. A.,Eyring,L. Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths . 1988
  • [6] The aqueous geochemistry of the rare earth elements and yttrium. Wood S A. Chemical Geology . 1979
  • [7] Examination of comparative rare earth element complexation behavior using linear free-energy relationships. Lee J H, Byrne R H. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta . 1992
  • [8] Aqueous geochemistry of rare earth elements. Brookins DG. Reviews in Mineralogyand Geochemistry . 1989
  • [9] Rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium in stream waters,stream sediments,and Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides: Fractionation,speciation,and controls over REE+Y patterns in the surface environment. Leybourne M I,Johannesson K H. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta . 2008
  • [10] The development of middle rare earth element enrichments in freshwaters: weathering of phosphate minerals. Robyn E H, Sholkovitz E R. Chemical Geology . 2001