Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. is one of the rare,gymnosperms endemic of China.Its distribution,habitat and community structure in Tiantangzhai of Anhui Province were investigated.The results showed that E.henryi population is a declining one because of its incomplete age structure.The lower richness,diversity and evenness of the community resulted in a tendency of degeneration,hence,protection for this species must be undertaken.