不同模式经颅磁刺激在脑卒中后吞咽障碍的康复研究进展

被引:33
作者
邰佳慧
吴军发
王婷玮
吴毅
机构
[1] 复旦大学附属华山医院
关键词
脑卒中; 吞咽障碍; 经颅磁刺激; Theta爆发式磁刺激; 成对关联刺激;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R743.3 [急性脑血管疾病(中风)]; R493 [医学康复(康复疗法)];
学科分类号
100204 [神经病学]; 100232 [康复医学];
摘要
吞咽障碍是脑卒中后最常见的功能障碍之一,其发生率可达30%~50%,并引起营养不良、误吸性肺炎等并发症,严重者可危及生命。脑卒中后吞咽障碍的发生涉及多个脑功能区和神经网络,一般认为,脑卒中后吞咽障碍与大脑皮层、皮层下结构以及脑干吞咽中枢相关病损有关,不同病损部位导致吞咽障碍的机制和临床表现存在明显差异。对其发生机制的了解有助于临床上制定更为针对性、个体化的康复治疗手段,这对于患者的预后有着重要的影响。除了目前临床上常用的吞咽运动感觉训练、外周神经肌肉电刺激、针灸、姿势训练、饮食调整等传统吞咽治疗方案,考虑到神经修复机制可能参与恢复过程,近年来人们对中枢神经调控治疗吞咽功能障碍的研究越来越感兴趣。经颅磁刺激作为一种无创性神经调控技术,利用变化的磁场产生感应电场,改变大脑皮质神经细胞的动作电位,即通过调节大脑皮层兴奋性达到神经调控的目的。随着研究的深入,不同的脉冲刺激模式逐渐被开发并被实验性地应用于脑卒中后吞咽障碍的治疗。重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)是指在选定大脑区域给予重复、连续、强度不变的刺激;Theta爆发式磁刺激(TBS)则是在rTMS的基础上加入丛状节律式刺激,刺激强度更低,刺激时间更短;而成对关联刺激(PAS)是将中枢TMS与外周神经电刺激按一定时间间隔相结合,成对激活大脑网络,每种治疗模式具有各自不同的特点。从吞咽障碍机制的科学研究、经颅磁刺激的相关机制和临床治疗研究3个方面综述了不同刺激模式在健康人和脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者中的应用,分析目前该领域的研究进展和局限性,为脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床研究与治疗提供新思路。
引用
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页码:252 / 257+264 +264
页数:7
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