新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对四种赤眼蜂成蜂急性毒性和安全性评价

被引:77
作者
王彦华
俞瑞鲜
赵学平
安雪花
陈丽萍
吴长兴
王强
机构
[1] 浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地——浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室农业部农药残留检测重点实验室
关键词
赤眼蜂; 杀虫剂; 新烟碱类; 大环内酯类; 毒副作用; 卵寄生蜂; 急性毒性; 安全性评估;
D O I
10.16380/j.kcxb.2012.01.005
中图分类号
S476.3 [];
学科分类号
摘要
为了明确新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对天敌赤眼蜂Trichogramma spp.的影响,在室内采用药膜法测定了其对稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead、亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen、拟澳洲赤眼蜂TrichogrammaconfusumViggiani和广赤眼蜂Trichogramma evanescens Westwood成蜂的急性毒性,并进行了安全性评价。急性毒性测定结果表明:在测定的新烟碱类药剂中,噻虫嗪对拟澳洲赤眼蜂和稻螟赤眼蜂表现出最高的急性毒性,其LC50分别为0.24(0.21~0.27)和0.40(0.37~0.44)mga.i./L;其次为烯啶虫胺,该药剂对上述两种赤眼蜂的LC50分别为0.83(0.74~0.96)和0.72(0.65~0.80)mga.i./L;而吡虫啉对亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂的毒性最低,其LC50分别为502.13(459.80~549.62)和752.62(687.51~828.63)mga.i./L。在测定的大环内酯类药剂中,阿维菌素对稻螟赤眼蜂的急性毒性最高,其LC50为0.49(0.46~0.65)mga.i./L,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对拟澳洲赤眼蜂表现出最低的急性毒性,其LC50为21.76(19.59~24.40)mga.i./L。安全性评价结果表明,吡虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对4种赤眼蜂为低风险~中等风险性,安全性系数为0.57~23.54;噻虫啉和依维菌素对4种赤眼蜂却为中等风险~高风险性,安全性系数为0.16~3.45;而烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素对4种赤眼蜂为高风险~极高风险性,安全性系数为0.01~0.15。本研究测定的大部分杀虫剂对赤眼蜂都有一定的急性毒性风险。因此,在害虫综合治理中应谨慎使用新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂尤其是烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素,以免造成对赤眼蜂的大量杀伤。
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页码:36 / 45
页数:10
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