商品社会、景观社会、符号社会——西方社会批判理论的一种变迁

Based on Marx’s critical theory of the society of commodity, the paper analyses Debord’s critical theory of the society of the spectacle, who is the representation of Situationists, and Baudrillard’s critical theory of the society of signs, who is the representation of the postMarxist thought. Marx criticized the domination of commodity, and revealed the secret of modern society that capital rules everything. From Marx’s standpoints, Debord pointed out the society of commodity had transformed into the society of spectacle since the mass media had people identified modern capitalism in commodity image. Baudrillard pushes the thought of Marx and Debord further and indicates that everything has changed into signs through electronic media which produces the legitimacy of temporary society. Though the theory of Debord and Baudrillard are the response of Marx, there is essential different between Marx and Debord and Baudrillard.