This article discusses the dynamics and effects of non point source pollution (NSP) in Chinese countryside. From sociological perspective, it argues that the worsening NSP situation is in large degree the inherent sequences of the long standing dual social structure, and in turn reproduces or enforces it. Furthermore, the authors specify the positive effects and limits of urbanization,as a social process of undermining the dual social structure,to control the rural NSP, and conclude that, the rural NSP control will be under the shadow of the dual social structure in a long time, the determinants of rural NSP control is therefore very complex, and the task is extremely hard.
