凝视与社会行动

Schutz tried to place Weber’s notion of social action upon a phenomenological foundation but discovered instead that it can only be studied in the world of contemporaries or that of predecessors,that is ,in the observer’s gaze.This insight has been overlooked by sociologists.A separate effort by philosophers,including Ricoeur,resulted in the fairly well received notion of “action as text.”An unnoticed implication is that a sociological theory is the sociologist’s action and hence is also a text.This paper,by way of examples in Durkheim,Parsons and Garfinkel,sets out to establish two claims:First,there must be a time structure in every sociologist’s gaze,but social action can only be observed in certain particular kinds of time structure.Second,in any sociological theory a semiological system particular to it can always be found,but social action as a sign is only contained in certain particular semiological systems. \