秸秆氨化还田对农田水分与夏玉米产量的影响

被引:31
作者
董勤各 [1 ,2 ]
李悦 [1 ,3 ]
冯浩 [1 ,2 ]
余坤 [4 ]
董文俊 [1 ,3 ]
丁奠元 [5 ]
机构
[1] 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室
[2] 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
[3] 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院
[4] 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司
[5] 扬州大学水利与能源动力工程学院
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划);
关键词
夏玉米; 秸秆还田; 冠层覆盖度; 产量; 水分利用效率;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
S513 [玉米(玉蜀黍)];
学科分类号
090104 [作物信息科学与技术];
摘要
寻求秸秆资源的有效还田方式对干旱半干旱区农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文于2014年和2015年在夏玉米全生育期设置2个秸秆氨化水平(A0:未氨化冬小麦秸秆,A1:氨化冬小麦秸秆)和2个秸秆长度水平(L0:粉碎为短秸秆,L1:大于50 mm冬小麦长秸秆)翻压还田,分析不同预处理秸秆还田条件下夏玉米全生育期株高、叶面积指数、地上部生物量、冠层覆盖度等生长指标以及土壤贮水量、耗水量、产量和水分利用效率的变化。结果表明,2年夏玉米氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)平均土壤体积含水率较未氨化长秸秆处理(A0L1)分别提高了10. 7%和6. 4%;氨化处理土壤体积含水率明显高于未氨化处理,但不同处理间耗水量差异较小;夏玉米灌浆期氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)的平均冠层覆盖度(CC)比其他处理高3. 7%10. 7%;成熟期氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)的平均地上部干物质量比其他处理高2. 1%9. 5%,平均产量比其他处理增加2. 8%9. 1%,平均水分利用效率比其他处理增加1. 7%7. 4%;氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)能显著提高夏玉米地上部生物量与籽粒产量。因此,氨化短秸秆翻压还田能有效促进夏玉米生长,保持较好的土壤水分条件,有助于提高夏玉米产量和水分利用效率。
引用
收藏
页码:220 / 229
页数:10
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