亚种间杂交水稻灌浆特性的调节及其对产量的影响

In pot experiments of inter-subspecific rice hybrid Shanyou 413, higher level of IAA in rice plants, through IAA solution injected to the boot of the rice plant at booting stage, had little effect on the average weight and seed-setting of the superior grains located on the distal part of the panicle, nevertheless, significantly inhibited the filling of the inferior grains positioning on the secondary branches, which resulted in a longer "quiescent spell" before the beginning of the inferior grain filling and slower rate of the ovary expansion of the inferior grains. Consequently, the average weight and seed-setting of the inferior grains in treated plants was reduced to a large extent. Moreover, application of IAA to plants before heading promoted the abortion of the inferior florets. After heading, 3 top primary branches were clipped off and 20 μL lanoline, containing different quantities of IAA 0, 10 , 20, 30 and 40 ng/μL, were smeared onto the apex of the panicle axis. The results showed that clipping and only lanoline smeared decreased unfilled and partially-filled grain (UPG) percentage of the inferior grains on the secondary branches of the 3 base primary branches from 47. 7 % of check to 8. 2%. However, when the clipping and IAA applied, the UPG percentage was nearly restored to the level of check except the highest IAA quantity used, which indicated that as the influence on the filling of the inferior grains was concerned, IAA was able to substitute for the superior grains. It is deduced that the superior grains inhibit the filling of the inferior grains by the "apex dominance". When the inhibition occurs, the inferior grain filling can not be improved though the assimilate supply is quite rich. In field yield test of 1993-1994, uniconazole was proved to increase yield of intersubspecific rice hybrid Xieyou 413 and Shanyou 413 in advantage of above 10% to check, by ameliroating the filling of the inferior grains and resulted higher seed-setting. The possibility for fulfillment of the highest yieldingpotential in inter-subspecific rice hybrids is also discussed.