血管性认知障碍发病机制的研究进展

被引：29

作者：

李锋 ^{[1
,2
]}

蔡明 ^{[1
]}

娄淑杰 ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] 上海体育学院运动科学学院

[2] 广西民族师范学院体育系

来源：

生理科学进展 | 2016年 / 47卷 / 05期

关键词：

血管性认知障碍; 脑缺血; 线粒体氧化应激; 内质网应激; 表观遗传修饰;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

R749.13 [];

学科分类号：

摘要：

进入21世纪以来,人口老龄化正成为发达和发展中国家共同面临的困境,老龄人口相伴随的认知障碍也成为重大的社会和医学问题之一。尤其是血管性认知障碍(VCI)已是21世纪发展最快的危害人类健康的脑疾病。但其发病机制一直未能完全阐明,因此临床上缺乏针对性靶点治疗手段和干预措施。本文通过近些年文献研究对VCI发病机制进行梳理,发现一些代谢性疾病、遗传病及不良生活习惯是导致VCI的诱因,如高血压、糖尿病、高血脂症、心房纤维性颤动和高同型半胱氨酸血症等。急慢性脑缺血所导致的缺血性脑组织损伤是诱发VCI的主要原因,这种损伤包括灰质内神经元死亡和白质损伤病变。在对VCI发病的分子生物学机制研究中,发现线粒体氧化应激、内质网应激及其诱导的细胞凋亡可能是VCI发生的重要的内在机制。另外,一些脑组织缺血模型的动物实验研究中,发现大鼠海马内发生了表观遗传修饰的改变,这一研究可能为VCI的防治提供新的思路。以往这些研究或为VCI的靶点干预提供重要参考价值。

引用

页码：375 / 380

页数：6

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