基于遗传算法的轨道综合养护决策系统的研究

According to the serious contradiction between maintenance workload and maintenance time for the ballast track geometry irregularity of the exiting railway,the annual comprehensive maintenance arrangement method of track geometry irregularity using large-scale maintenance machines is analyzed and the corresponding decision-making system is established in terms of the theory of ballast track geometry irregularity together with the performance and character of large-scale maintenance machines and inspection data of track geometry irregularity by track inspection car.The main research work and conclusion in this dissertation involves the follows.(1) The track is divided into many lots,which are short enough(100 m for this research),as the basic management unit for evaluating geometry irregularity,so the standard deviation of track irregularity in each lot as the index of geometry irregularity.Unit is composed of several lots as the maintenance place for large-scale maintenance machines whose maximum length is the maximum possible maintenance length of machines in "skylight" of a day.A period of ten days is the time unit of maintenance machines.The deterioration quantity and the deterioration speed,which describe the deterioration degree of standard deviation of track geometry irregularity in each lot,are calculated.The restoration quantity is calculated by analyzing restoration degree of standard deviation of track geometry irregularity in each lot before and after maintenance.(2) By analyzing the deterioration models of track geometry irregularity,several linear and nonlinear models that can describe typical track irregularity condition are chosen.The track irregularity forecast effects of these two kinds of models are evaluated using inspection data and compared with the real inspection data.The result shows that the track geometry irregularity can be described with linear deterioration model in a certain short length lot.The linear deterioration forecast model of track geometry irregularity for a single lot is established.Deterioration speed of real track irregularity is calculated by using inspection data and RTSEMIS(Railway Track Status Evaluation Management Information System).(3) On the basis of deterioration model combining with restoration quantity and restoration rate of irregularity by comprehensive maintenance,the linear restoration forecast model for track geometry irregularity of single lot is established.The relationship between irregularity restoration and maintenance frequency is analyzed from the point of the development relation before and after track geometry irregularity maintenance.The result indicates when on the assumption that the development of track geometry irregularity is linear,the relationship between them can be figured with hyperbola in the first quadrant.With the increase of maintenance frequency,the track irregularity will decrease.The more maintenance frequency is,the better restoration quantity of irregularity is in initial stages,but with the maintenance frequency increase,the restoration quantity reduces.(4) By analyzing inspection and work principle,maintenance time and efficiency of main type tampers for irregularity,the transfer function and residual rate of tampers maintenance are researched.The results indicate that the maintenance effect of tampers is influenced by the wavelength of track geometry irregularity.When the level irregularity wavelength is between 10～30 m,the transfer function of track lining is less than 0.2,namely the maintenance effect for this kind of irregularity is good.When the longitudinal level irregularity wavelength is between 8～10 m,the transfer function of track lifting is under 0.2,namely the maintenance effect for this kind of irregularity is good.The tampers fit for maintaining short wavelength geometry irregularity due to its own condition.(5) The development speed of track geometry irregularity after maintenance is described by the deterioration speed and the restoration quantity.When the maintenance time and place change,the deterioration speed,restoration quantity and development speed are influenced.The result is that,the more development speed is,the better track geometry condition will be at the end of year,so the track geometry condition is optimal.(6) The track comprehensive maintenance plan model is solved using genetic algorithms.The design of solution has following characters: matrix coding to represent the maintenance time and place directly,original population pretreatment and penalty function to deal with constrained conditions,changing columns of matrix to realize genetic operation such as crossover and mutation.MATLAB is adopted to realize the user-oriented decision-making system for optimal track comprehensive maintenance plan.(7) Taking longitudinal level irregularity as an example,the simulation calculation of the annual comprehensive maintenance for large-scale maintenance machines on Tianjin-Pukou Line is presented.The simulation results are compared with those under non-maintenance condition.The results show that with the help of the track comprehensive maintenance decision-making system,the longitudinal level irregularity at the end of year is lower than the standard value for fast railway.The longitudinal level irregularity value in some sections at the end of year is lower than that of at the beginning of year.The results indicate that with this simulation maintenance plan,the longitudinal level irregularity is good.The calculation result of the system is effective and it can be the reference for establishing annual comprehensive maintenance plan for ballast track.