小胶质细胞的发育及在中枢神经系统的功能研究进展

被引:39
作者
李忠秋
焦建伟
机构
[1] 中国科学院动物研究所
关键词
小胶质细胞; 神经发育; 中枢神经系统;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R741 [神经病学];
学科分类号
100204 [神经病学];
摘要
小胶质细胞是一类广泛分布于中枢神经系统(CNS)的免疫细胞,其数量占整个神经胶质细胞数量的5%20%。小胶质细胞最早由Hortega通过碳酸银法所区分鉴定出来,认为小胶质细胞来源于中胚层,在胚胎发育后期形成血管时侵入脑内。最新研究表明,小胶质细胞来源于卵黄囊原始巨噬细胞。小胶质细胞作为CNS常驻免疫细胞,属于单核巨噬细胞系,是CNS抵御病原入侵的一道重要的免疫防线。静息状态下,小胶质细胞对神经系统起到监视维持内稳态的作用;其活化后,一方面起到吞噬细胞碎片的作用,另一方面在不同病理条件下分泌不同的细胞因子起到神经保护与神经毒性双重作用。本文对小胶质细胞的发育及在CNS中的作用予以综述。
引用
收藏
页码:1050 / 1056
页数:7
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