地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量

被引：35

作者：

吕雯 ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

孙兆军 ^{[2
,3
]}

陈小莉 ^{[4
]}

赵西宁 ^{[1
]}

高晓东 ^{[1
]}

吴普特 ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所

[2] 宁夏大学环境工程研究院

[3] 宁夏(中阿)旱区资源评价与环境调控重点实验室

[4] 西北农林科技大学农学院

来源：

农业工程学报 | 2018年 / 34卷 / 13期

基金：

国家重点研发计划;

关键词：

地膜; 秸秆; 土壤; 复合覆盖; 土壤水盐; 产量; 降水利用效率;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S156.4 [盐碱土改良]; S565.5 [向日葵];

学科分类号：

090301 [土壤学]; 090302 [植物营养学];

摘要：

为了提高盐碱地降水利用率,抑制化学(脱硫石膏)改良碱土过程中土壤盐分表聚及板结问题,该文以宁夏平罗县西大滩盐碱地试验站为例,设置了地膜秸秆复合覆盖(plastic and straw dual mulching,PSM)、地膜覆盖(plastic film mulching,PM)、秸秆覆盖(straw mulching,SM)和无覆盖常规种植(no mulching,CK)4个处理,探讨改良龟裂碱土过程中不同覆盖措施下旱地油葵的土壤水盐结构特征及其对产量的影响。结果表明,PSM处理有效提高了30～100 cm土层土壤贮水、持水能力,推迟油葵消耗相对深层60～100 cm土壤水分的时间;在30～90 cm土层,其水分活跃性显著高于其他处理;比单一覆盖抑盐效果佳,土壤盐分缓冲性增强,盐分表聚程度显著降低;同时能显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度。PSM处理提高了油葵苗期存活率和产量,其较PM、SM处理和CK分别增产35.45%,120.15%,87.80%(P<0.05);PSM处理较PM、SM处理和CK的降水利用效率分别提高了14.71%、86.45%和59.05%(P<0.05),其水分利用效率分别比SM和CK提高了10.80%和32.71%。综上,地膜秸秆复合覆盖(PSM)可增强土壤保墒抑盐能力,改善作物根区土壤水盐环境,提高天然降水的生产潜力;促进碱土改良初期的保苗增产,提高经济效益。

引用

页码：125 / 133

页数：9

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