植物群落物种共存机制:负密度制约假说

被引:198
作者
祝燕
米湘成
马克平
机构
[1] 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室
关键词
密度制约; 同种个体; 距离制约; 群落补偿效应; 谱系多样性制约;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
Q948 [植物生态学和植物地理学];
学科分类号
071301 [植物生态学];
摘要
负密度制约假说主要描述由于资源竞争、有害生物侵害(比如病原微生物、食草动物捕食)等,同种个体之间发生的相互损害行为;它主要强调同种个体之间的相互作用,解释自然群落物种共存的机理;负密度制约机制主要在小尺度上降低群落内同种个体生长率,同时提高个体死亡率,从而为其他物种的生存提供空间和资源,促进物种共存。目前负密度制约假说的检验研究主要侧重密度制约、距离制约、群落补偿效应等三个方面。最近,研究者又探讨了近缘物种之间由于对相似资源的竞争所产生的负效应,扩展了负密度制约假说,进而提出异群保护假说和谱系多样性制约假说。负密度制约假说引起生态学家长久的探讨和关注,世界范围内大尺度森林动态样地的建立,又为探索不同尺度上密度制约效应的研究提供了条件。然而目前的研究仍然存在不足,比如负密度制约假说的检验受到其他因素的干扰、区域研究不平衡等。因此,生态学家们仍然怀疑负密度制约效应调节群落物种共存的重要性,但是目前的研究还没有发现否定负密度制约假说的充分证据。
引用
收藏
页码:594 / 604
页数:11
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