黑土细菌及真菌群落对长期施肥响应的差异及其驱动因素

被引:101
作者
王慧颖 [1 ]
徐明岗 [1 ]
周宝库 [2 ]
马想 [1 ]
段英华 [1 ]
机构
[1] 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室
[2] 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所
基金
国家重点研发计划;
关键词
细菌; 真菌; 长期施肥; mesiq测序; qPCR; 黑土;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
S154.3 [土壤微生物学]; S158 [土壤肥力(土壤肥沃性)];
学科分类号
090301 [土壤学];
摘要
【目的】研究长期施肥对黑土细菌和真菌群落结构影响差异,探索黑土肥力对长期施用化肥和有机肥响应差异的生物学机制,为黑土的肥力培育和合理施肥提供科学理论依据。【方法】基于35年的长期定位施肥试验,采用定量PCR方法和Miseq高通量测序技术,分析长期不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、有机肥(M)和有机无机配施肥(MN)处理下,黑土细菌及真菌的数量、群落结构和多样性的差异。同时结合土壤理化性状,探究不同施肥条件下细菌和真菌群落变化的环境驱动因子。【结果】N处理对土壤细菌的数量没有显著影响,但使其群落多样性降低了13.2%—48.5%。N处理使真菌的数量增加了24倍,多样性降低了4.6%—80.3%。与N处理相比,MN处理使细菌数量和多样性分别增加了2倍和7.7%—46.6%,而真菌的数量虽降低了14.2%,但其多样性提高了62%—237%。单施氮肥增加了土壤细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)中的AcidobacteriaGp1、Gp3及变形菌门(Proteobacteria)中的α-Proteobacteria的相对丰度,并使土壤真菌中伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)的相对丰度增加了41倍。与N处理相比,MN处理下细菌的各主要类群丰度未发生显著变化,但M处理下土壤细菌中的α-Proteobacteria、AcidobacteriaGp1和Gp3丰度分别显著降低了26、97和81个百分点,AcidobacteriaGp4、Gp6和Plancomycetes的丰度分别显著增加了11倍、9倍和2倍。细菌群落结构在MN与N处理之间无显著差异,明显区别于CK和M处理,p H为主要驱动因素,其阈值为6.07;真菌群落结构在CK、M和MN处理下相似,显著区别于N处理,两组处理之间差异由速效钾含量(125.5 mg·kg-1)驱动。另外,有机质含量对于细菌和真菌群落均是重要的驱动因素,但调控细菌群落结构的阈值为28.4 g·kg-1,而驱动真菌群落结构的阈值为30.8 g·kg-1。【结论】黑土细菌对有机肥的响应较强,而真菌对化肥更为敏感。长期施用化肥会刺激土壤中嗜酸细菌和真菌的生长,而有机无机肥配施可提高土壤微生物群落多样性,刺激有益菌的生长。土壤p H和有效钾含量分别是调控细菌和真菌群落结构的重要影响因素,在黑土肥力培育中应引起充分的重视。
引用
收藏
页码:914 / 925
页数:12
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