羌塘盆地白垩系海相油页岩特征及其形成条件分析

被引：13

作者：

曾胜强 ^{[1
]}

王剑 ^{[1
,2
]}

付修根 ^{[1
,2
]}

冯兴雷 ^{[1
]}

陈文彬 ^{[1
]}

孙伟 ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心

[2] 国土资源部沉积盆地与油气资源重点实验室

来源：

地质论评 | 2014年 / 60卷 / 02期

关键词：

古环境; 古生产力; 沉积控制因素; 海相油页岩; 白垩系; 羌塘盆地;

D O I：

10.16509/j.georeview.2014.02.018

中图分类号：

P618.12 [油页岩];

学科分类号：

070403 [天体物理学];

摘要：

近年来,在羌塘盆地胜利河、长梁山、长蛇山、托纳木等地发现的油页岩为目前我国规模最大的海相油页岩矿床,具有重要的工业开采价值。海相油页岩的主要矿物成分为碳酸盐、粘土矿物和石英,并见有黄铁矿、石膏、菱镁矿等矿物。粘土矿物以伊利石为主,少量高岭石,不含蒙脱石。有机地球化学分析表明,这些油页岩的有机质丰度较高,有机质类型较好。胜利河油页岩TOC含量在4.31%21.37%之间,均值为8.40%;托纳木油页岩的TOC含量也较高,最大值为25.68%,平均为9.32%;长梁山剖面油页岩的TOC含量在2.96%23.47%之间,平均值为9.56%;长蛇山油页岩的TOC含量在4.53%9.49%之间,平均值为7.74%。长蛇山油页岩干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型,少数为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型;胜利河油页岩主要为Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2型干酪根,而托纳木油页岩的干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型和Ⅰ型。白垩系海相油页岩的形成受多方面因素控制,包括缺氧富氧状态、古生产力、古气候、粘土矿物的混积作用、古地形条件以及海平面变化等。其中,油页岩的总有机碳含量（TOC）与古环境元素指标Mo、V存在较强的相关关系,相关系数分别为0.975和0.917,而与古生产力指标P/Ti、Ba/Al之间为弱相关或无相关关系,相关系数分别为0.481和-0.739。因此,本文认为海相油页岩的形成以"保存模式"为主,有机质沉积时的水体环境对高有机质含量的油页岩的形成起主导作用,并在此基础上建立了海相油页岩的形成演化模式。

引用

页码：449 / 463

页数：15

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